Frogs are easily available in the tropic and subarctic regions but a majority of the species are found in the tropical rain forests. They form the diverse group of vertebrates and about 5,000 species are known till present. Some species are however on the verge of extinction. Frogs are different from the toads as the toads prefer to live in dry habitats and this distinction is made on the basis of convergent evolution.
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Many predators of frogs are capable of protecting themselves from the poisons of frogs. Others including human beings may be severely affected by the toxins of the frog. Some species of frogs obtain poison from the ants and the arthropods they eat and produce an alkaloid that is toxic and this alkaloid is not derived from the food they eat.
Some native people of South America extract poison from the poison dart frogs also. The alkaloid epibatidine, a painkiller which is derived from the poison dart frogs is 200 times more potent than morphine. Other chemicals that have been isolated from the frogs are thought to be useful against the treatment of HIV infection. The dart and arrow poisons are under investigation for use in therapeutic drugs. The skin secretions of some toads contain bufotoxins especially the bufotenin is psychoactive.